of the less regulated, so-called shadow banking sector. Employing flow-of-funds data for the Euro Area's non-bank banking … increase in non-bank banking). Overall intermediation activity, hence, has remained roughly at the same level. Moreover, our … findings also suggest that non-bank banks have tended to take positions in riskier assets (particularly in equities). In line …

instead that NBFI and bank businesses and risks are so interwoven that they are better described as having transformed over … contingent liquidity risk from the provision of credit lines to NBFIs; and (iii) empirical work confirms bank-NBFI linkages …

, including several specific regulatory constraints being placed on non-bank financial institutions (NBFI). This paper proposes a … credit funds as a non-bank entities economically engaged in credit intermediation to apply this normative framework, pointing …