We examine vulnerability to poverty in Tajikistan during the global financial crisis, focusing on the roles played by … to estimate a Markov transition probability matrix with the aim of identifying the vulnerability of households to poverty …. Importantly, by introducing the index of vulnerability as the weighted probability of a household falling into poverty over a …

poverty in the member states of the European Union, using the first four waves (1994-7) of the European Community Household … Panel (ECHP). In addition to this detailed consideration is given to the time dimension, poverty incidence, poverty gap and … poverty intensity. Overall, the ranking across countries and dimensions is relatively robust. Denmark and Portugal differ from …