With the remarkable growth of natural gas consumption and the development of renewable energy worldwide in recent years, the penetration capacity of gas-fired generators and uncertain renewable energy has significantly become larger, which poses a great challenge to the reliable and economic...

Recently, the application of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is extensively increasing as a popular renewable energy source. PEMFCs need low temperature for the operation along with high power density and easy implementation ability. These characteristics turned them into the...