The underpricing of initial public offerings is a well-documented fact of empirical equity market research. Theories … explain this underpricing with market imperfections. We study three empirically relevant IPO mechanisms under almost perfect … report underpricing in each of these IPO mechanisms. Uncertainty about the aftermarket behavior may partly explain IPO excess …

underwriters' valuation and underpricing in 113 firms going public on Borsa Istanbul. It argues that underwriter discretion in the … valuation is crucial to underpricing in the Turkish market, where fixed price is the dominant method of offering and retail … initial returns. One standard deviation increase in deliberate discounts is associated with a 30.4% reduction in underpricing …

-discriminatory auctions to bookbuilding. We find that bookbuilding leads to significantly higher underpricing than hybrid price …