Demand for air quality depends on health impacts and defensive investments that improve health, but little research …, pharmaceutical expenditures, and mortality rates. Reductions in pharmaceutical purchases and mortality are each valued at $900 …

due to the burning of bituminous coal for heat. We estimate the effects of this bituminous coal consumption on mortality … within-state changes in mortality in non-winter months as an additional control group. Our estimates suggest that reductions … in the use of bituminous coal for heating between 1945 and 1960 decreased winter all-age mortality by 1.25 percent and …

development on mortality among adults and the elderly. Our research design exploits the variation in the timing of the deployment … mortality rates. According to our point estimates, a one-percentage point increase in the rate of subscriptions to natural gas … services would lower the overall mortality rate by 1.4 percent, the adult mortality rate by 1.9 percent, and the elderly …

mortality. We assess the role of three broad factors: i) pre-pandemic population health and poverty, ii) air pollution, and iii … uses newly assembled historical data on annual mortality across 438 U.S. cities to explore the determinants of pandemic … the distribution of pre-pandemic infant mortality had 21 excess deaths per 10,000 residents in 1918 relative to cities in …