We estimate exchange rate elasticities of international tourism. We show that, in addition to the bilateral exchange … rate, the exchange rate between the tourism origin country vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar is an important driver of tourism … flows, indicating a strong role of U.S. dollar pricing. The U.S. dollar exchange rate is more important for tourism …

of trade with China became less friendly. Today, GDP in North Korea is reportedly lower than in 1990, notwithstanding a …

We estimate a variety of exchange rate elasticities of international tourism. We show that, in addition to the … bilateral exchange rate between the tourism origin and destination countries, the exchange rate vis-a-vis the US dollar is also … an important driver of tourism flows and pricing. The effect of US dollar pricing is stronger for tourism destination …

output, construction, foreign trade and quarterly GDP figures confirm this development. The economic recovery in the 'old EU …, only Estonia and Lithuania currently meet all the Maastricht convergence criteria. A brief study of foreign trade data … reveals that in the Baltic States, foreign trade deficits are very high for goods even more so than for services. The NMS in …

outstanding feature of last year's economic developments was a boost in foreign trade (or of intra-EU dispatches and arrivals in … their aggregate trade balance slightly deteriorated (in fact foreign trade contributed positively to GDP growth in Poland … and 72% of imports represent intra-EU trade. Given the high (and rising) export surpluses of Russia and Ukraine - in both …