Social scientists frequently rely on the cardinal comparability of test scores to assess achievement gaps between population subgroups and their evolution over time. This approach has been criticized due to the ordinal nature of test scores and the sensibility of results to order-preserving...

This paper considers new measures of mutual dependence between multiple multivariate random processes representing multidimensional functional data. In the case of two processes, the extension of functional distance correlation is used by selecting appropriate weight function in the weighted...

This chapter discusses the formal and informal techniques that are commonly used to give quantitative answers in the field of distributional analysis. To this end, it covers subjects including inequality, poverty, and the modeling of income distributions. It also deals with parametric and...