The study analyses the impact of keeping crude petroleum, natural gas, motor spirit (gasoline/ petrol), high speed diesel (diesel), aviation turbine fuel (ATF) and electricity out of the Value Added Tax (VAT) scheme. Specifically, the study finds that keeping these items out of the input tax...

There has been a lot of interest in understanding and measuring the size of unaccounted incomes in economies. There are several methods to measure size of unaccounted income (or shadow economy) - e.g., monetary approach (or currency demand approach), latent variable approach and global indicator...

Unincorporated enterprises often bypass formal regulations in general and taxation in particular. However, escaping formal regulations does not always favour business of unincorporated enterprises and attracts multiple sources of exploitation (e.g., paying bribe to local administration, police...