external debt deleveraging. Declining oil prices alone do not explain the depth of economic crisis in Russia, but we get rather … these two projections as the effect of sanctions against Russia. The effect is modest, yet significant, for most of the …

estimate the impact on firm performance from smart sanctions deployed by the U.S. and EU against Russia beginning in 2014. We …

The sanctions against Russia, beginning in early 2014, provide us with a unique opportunity to study whether, and how …

Russia by the EU, US and other countries in 2014. While there is extensive literature on assessing the successes and failures … partnerships and extensively supplying foreign companies which operate in Russia. Considering the self-selection effect of the top …

and indirectly, in increased prices and restrictions on exports to Russia of research tools, equipment, materials, and … pulling out of the country of some of the foundations which previously provided a substantial support to science in Russia …. The sanctions have affected not only economic conditions for science in Russia but also the environment inside research …

The territorial dispute between Russia and Ukraine, which has been going on since the illegal annexation of Crimea by … Russia in 2014, is now starting to show effects also far away from the battlefields of Eastern Ukraine: in the waters of the … Arctic Ocean, off the shores of Russia's far north. US sanctions against Russia have recently had a direct impact on the …

Russia's intrusion into the Ukraine in February 2014 and the ensuing annexation of the Crimea have been prompted by … energy and geopolitical factors. The energy factors are that 50% of Russia's gas and oil supplies to the European Union (EU …) are piped through the Ukraine. It is in Russia's energy interests to make sure that the gas and oil pipelines transiting …

conflict between Russia and Ukraine. The impact of the conflict on Russia may have been amplified by sanctions imposed by … Western countries. However, as Russia is heavily dependent on exports of natural resources, the oil price decline starting in …