Structural equation modeling (SEM) has become a quasi-standard in marketing and management research when it comes to analyzing the cause-effect relations between latent constructs. For most researchers, SEM is equivalent to carrying out covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM). While marketing researchers...

Applications of the partial least squares (PLS) path modeling approach — which have gained increasing dissemination in business research — usually build on the assumption that the data stem from a single population. However, in empirical applications, this assumption of homogeneity is...