This chapter (Chapter 7 of Advocating Social Change through International Law) explores the evolution of the commitments to reduce greenhouse gases under the global climate change regime and the associated struggle with whether these mitigation commitments should be binding. Although in theory...

This paper discusses the UN and EU regulations on the climate change in regard to CO2 emission in a perspective of the “Tragedy of the Commons”. The paper presents the objectives of the Rio Convention UNDCCC, the Kyoto Protocol, the Paris Agreement and the EU CO2 trading system. The main...

Industrialised countries are often required to make unpopular policy choices in order to efficiently tackle climate change. On the one hand, domestic industries might consider national climate measures as an excessive burden that may damage their competitiveness. On the other hand, the public...

Climate policies have often focused on the role of State as a regulator. Meanwhile, their role as leading economic actors, especially as shareholders and investors, has been neglected. State-owned enterprises control significant shares of economic sectors which are central to a carbon-intensive...

On 9 October 2018, the Hague Court of Appeal confirmed the first instance judgement rendered in the world-famous Urgenda case: the Dutch State commits a tort by setting a goal for greenhouse gasses emissions reduction of only 20% by the end of 2020, compared to 1990 levels. The State is ordered...

The Parties to the U.N. Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) recognize the need for developed countries to reduce emissions but that these measures — known as response measures — could negatively impact developing economies and impede sustainable development efforts. Developing...

In the Tragedy of the Commons Hardin suggested that with respect to global commons we are trapped in a vicious circle where calculations of utility pushes us to keep polluting our own nest. This taken on a global scale has led to concerns about climate change and a realization that measures need...

Recent assessments of the international community's ability to hold the increase of global average temperature to well below 2°C, while pursuing efforts to limit that increase to 1.5°C, indicate that this goal is unlikely to be achieved without large-scale implementation of climate engineering...

This article charts the evolution of the divestment movement, a transnational advocacy network that uses a range of strategies to shame, pressure, facilitate, and encourage investors in general, and large institutional investors in particular, to relinquish their holdings of fossil fuel stocks...

With a glut of natural gas in North America, Canada's natural gas sector is looking to reach new global markets for liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports. The federal government will likely rule soon on environmental assessments of LNG exports facilities on Canada's west coast.If LNG from Canada...