Cancer cells and stromal cells often exchange growth factors with paracrine effects that promote cell growth: a form of …

evolutionary game theory of cancer, but the approach can be used for a wide range of nonlinear public goods games. …

There exists a strong educational gradient in cancer risk, which has been documented in a wide range of populations …. Yet relatively little is known about the extent to which education is causally linked to cancer incidence and mortality … reform on various cancer outcomes. Our main finding is that education has little if any impact on cancer risk. This holds for …

I analyze the effects of four types of medical innovation and cancer incidence on US cancer mortality rates during the … period 2000–2009, by estimating difference-in-differences models using longitudinal (annual) data on ∼60 cancer sites (breast …-adjusted cancer mortality rate during 2000–2009. Drug innovation and imaging innovation are estimated to have reduced the cancer …