In current horizontal merger policy in the US and the EU an explicit efficiency defense is allowed. On both sides of the Atlantic mergers are unconditionally approved if internal efficiencies are sufficient to reverse the mergers’ potential to harm consumers in the relevant market. Current...

The main purpose of the paper is to provide a quantitative and qualitative analy-sis of state aid policy and its role in ensuring economic development in the EU. Based on theoretical approaches and empirical evidence, it is assumed that an effi-cient state aid policy should support the...

For European competition policy, assessing the effectiveness of its enforcements turned out to be a problematic issue. Thus, it has proved to be difficult to assess whether the objectives are properly defined and subsequently the extent that these were achieved, whether the institutional and...

The paper has in view to present the intrinsic characteristics of the European Union and to show that these characteristics require in an objective way the implementation of a multi-level governance. A comparative analysis of cohesion and competition policy of the European Union is presented...

Increasingly, international trade law demands that national competition policy play a role making domestic markets more accessible to foreign traders. But can international competition policy also control transnational business practices? New international intellectual property power is...

TRIPS does not lay down rules on parallel imports. Its provisions, however, do give states the discretion to apply competition rules to the exercise of intellectual property rights. The indeterminacies of competition law and its application mean that intellectual property owners lack objective...

Since the currency crisis, Indonesia has undergone rapid economic and political changes. However, the IMF-directed recovery program, such as decentralization, does not seem successful. Despite the improvised legal system, the implementation of the recovery program is very poor. Lack of consensus...

The globalisation of markets, particularly the liberalisation of financial markets, has facilitated merger and acquisition activity on a global scale. New financial instruments and the growth of sovereign wealth funds have raised questions regarding the national security and the loss of...

The study analyses the effects on banking competition of the changes in banking delivery and information collection technologies and of the rivalry from outside the traditional banking sector. Key implications for monetary, regulatory and competition policies are also addressed. <p> Evidence is...</p>