Within countries, state-run banks' lending correlates with prior money growth; otherwise similar private-sector banks' lending does not. Aggregate credit and investment growth correlate with prior money growth more where banking systems are more state-run. Size and liquidity differences between...

We observe less efficient capital allocation in countries whose banking systems are more thoroughly controlled by tycoons or families. The magnitude of this effect is similar to that of state control over banking. Unlike state control, tycoon or family control also correlates with slower...

This paper examines the role of a related bank in the investment efficiency of business-group firms. We show that a bank is associated with less investment sensitivity to investment opportunities for family group firms, especially in financially dependent industries. There is evidence of...

I analyze the effect of long-term relations on the property rights theory of the firm when network or reputation effects are present. Repeated relations affect the optimal allocation of ownership even when agents are allowed to renegotiate relational contracts. Single ownership dominates joint...

Savings increasingly flow to low-cost index funds, which simply buy and hold the stocks in a major index, such as the S&P 500. Increased indexing impedes incorporation of idiosyncratic information into stock prices. We limit endogeneity bias by showing that exogenous idiosyncratic currency...

This paper examines the role of a related bank in the investment efficiency of business-group firms. We show that a bank is associated with less investment sensitivity to investment opportunities for family group firms, especially in financially dependent industries. There is evidence of...

We analyze optimal fi nancial contracts when the specifi city of investments is endogenous. Specialization decreases the liquidation value of assets, but it also improves the project's long term productivity. While the first eff ect is known to make financing more diffi cult, we show that the...

We observe less efficient capital allocation in countries whose banking systems are more thoroughly controlled by tycoons or families. The magnitude of this effect is similar to that of state control over banking. Unlike state control, tycoon or family control also correlates with slower...