queuing theory to first demonstrate that when allocating goods publically, a case can be made for favoring a particular group …

Clientelism is characterized by the combination of particularistic targeting and contingency-based exchange. This …. Confronted with economic development, clientelism fades away in some political contexts but adapts and survives in others. This … article explores our understanding of the origins and dynamics of clientelism, focusing on the relationships between …

from cross-section of the countries, confirm this hypothesis. We use military spending as an indicator of the patronage to …

(1) Clientelism can exist at virtually any scale from the direct patron-client dyad to the social formation as a whole …. (2) Clientelism is the form that prosocial reciprocity takes in the context of unequal access to valued goods, as well as … cooperation crosses status. (3) Clientelism is an intrinsically stable relationship, likely to survive moderate shocks to the …