This paper is written by Hongyi Chen (Hong Kong Institute for Monetary and Financial Research) and Pierre Siklos (Wilfrid Laurier University and Balsillie school of International Affairs).Digitalization, spurred by the pandemic, has accelerated plans by many central banks to introduce retail...

For at least a decade, in policy circles, China has been considered a systemically important economy. As policy makers worldwide grapple with sluggish growth there is relatively little evidence about the extent to which the G4, which consists of the US, the Eurozone, Japan, and China, as a block...

Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) has become a major policy interest among global central banks. However, its introduction faces many challenges including those that are legal, technological and political in nature. In this paper, we summarize those challenges and add a few more that have not...

China has been considered a systemically important economy for at least a decade. As policy makers worldwide grapple with sluggish growth there is relatively little evidence about whether the G4, which consists of the US, the Eurozone, Japan, and includes China, as a block contributes to global...