might be at work in a democracy's prosecution of war …

This paper shows how a world price shock can increase the likelihood that democratization must be used to resolve the … price shock can push the country into a situation where the elite face a commitment problem that only democratization can … of national income per capita and democracy may not be positively correlated. The model is also useful for understanding …

civil war. Data come from a survey of 3,600 respondents conducted in late-2008, about nine months after the violence. We …. Intriguingly, we also find that the program had positive effects related to Kenya’s post-election violence. Participants in the … program who subsequently were affected by the violence were less likely (relative to non-participants who were later affected …

This paper examines the impact of urban violence on the standardized test scores of public school students in Medellin … year fixed effects, allowing me to control for the endogeneity of violence. I find that each additional homicide per year … local violence is shown to induce higher levels of teacher turnover, although this may actually improve the average …

This paper explores the importance of the risk of violence on the decision making of rural households, using a unique …), we develop a dynamic consumption model where economic risk and the risk of violence are explicitly included. Theoretical … violence and the presence of illegal crops on the decision to continue coffee production and on the percentage of the farm …

civil conflict. In 2014, a ceasefire with the oldest Latin-American guerrilla took place in Colombia and a peace agreement … violence against social leaders. These actors represent the interests of their communities, oppose the expansion of illicit … leaders' exposure to violence. We showed that the LRP significantly reduced the killing of social leaders. Yet, the effect …

During the last decade, forced internal displacement in Colombia has been a growing phenomenon closely linked to the … the level of violence at the origin site is not only the dominant factor of displacement behavior, but also that in a …

This paper proposes a new identification strategy to estimate the causal impact of illicit drug markets on violence … municipalities that we use as an instrument to uncover the causal effect of illegal cocaine markets on violence. We find that a 10 … violence as different armed groups fight each other, the government and the civil population for their control and extraction …