This paper explores the importance of the risk of violence on the decision making of rural households, using a unique …), we develop a dynamic consumption model where economic risk and the risk of violence are explicitly included. Theoretical … violence and the presence of illegal crops on the decision to continue coffee production and on the percentage of the farm …

violence on social capital presented in the literature. I study this question in the context of Colombia by exploiting changes …How does violence affect social capital? I argue that its impact depends on two factors: i) the ability to identify the … perpetrating group, and ii) the intensity of the violence. These factors help to reconcile the seemingly contradictory effects of …

I study the causal effect of violence against social leaders on coca cultivation and land restitution requests in the … provide evidence that the start of the violence against social leaders increases hectares of coca by a magnitude of at least 0 … action capacity of civil society, which is depreciated as more violence is exerted on social leaders …

democracy, where a powerful economic elite cooperates with politicians and bureaucrats for their mutual benefit. …

, depending on whether it appears in the form of rises in income or in education: A higher income level reduces democracy, whereas … more education leads to both more democracy and more repression. These theoretical findings are corroborated by panel data …

, did not contribute to democratization nor to the stabilization of volatile political, military and economic structures … based on dubious concepts. Certainly, the impact of drug trafficking could endanger democratization and state-building if …

democracy, where a powerful economic elite cooperates with politicians and bureaucrats for their mutual benefit. …

subjects may exit. In a simple model, both kinds of competition are substitutes. Internal competition (democracy) benefits … democracy, and rulers are less eager to oppose it, when external competition is high. In a panel of countries, there are fewer … changes towards democracy when states have low GDP relative to their neighbours. -- political competition ; dictatorship …

regimes, we find that limited strategic sophistication of voters makes indirect democracy relatively more attractive compared …