The present chapter investigates the antitrust rules applicable to loyalty or fidelity rebate schemes under EU competition and US antitrust law. It finds that antitrust liability for a dominant company will more readily be established in the EU, where the applicability of economics-based tests...

A new era is dawning for market definition under EU competition law. It is being rung in by five distinct developments that, together, foreshadow the future of the relevant market as a tool of competition law. A plethora of policy reports on digital markets have made recommendations for...

A new era is dawning for market definition under EU competition law. It is being rung in by five distinct developments that, together, foreshadow the future of the relevant market as a tool of competition law. A plethora of policy reports on digital markets have made recommendations for...

Market definition is a core concept of competition law in the European Union, the United States and Brazil. The present contribution first surveys the general approach to market delineation in these three jurisdictions. Against this background, it then embarks on a discussion of market...

Leading jurisdictions around the world are debating whether the nature of data-driven digital markets and the smart technologies that enable these markets require a re-thinking of how antitrust law applies to digital markets. There are many aspects to consider in this discussion, relating both...

German Abstract: Digitale Plattformen prägen das digitale Zeitalter. In letzter Zeit gelangten sowohl die sogenannten GAFAM (Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon und Microsoft) als auch weitere digitale Plattformen vermehrt in den Fokus der Kartellrechtshüter:innen. Dabei bildet die Marktmacht der...

German Abstract: Daten sind Informationen, und genaue Informationen – über Kund:innen, Mitbewerber:innen, den Markt, das Produkt – sind das Herzstück eines jeden erfolgreichen Unternehmens. Gleichzeitig können Daten aber auch für unangemessene Zwecke missbraucht werden. Auf digitalen...

In competition law, the relevant market acts as a filter that delineates that part of commerce within which competition law assesses companies’ market behaviour. This contribution considers how competition law can reconcile the legal concept of the relevant market with its economic roots. It...

The European Union is transitioning to a digital and green economy, an ambitious endeavour that must be supported by all of its policies and actions. This includes competition law as a central pillar of the European economic constitution. While a greener and more privacy-friendly EU competition...

A new sustainability exemption entered into force with Austria’s most recent competition law amendment of September 2021. The new exemption provision’s aim is to promote genuine green cooperation. The sustainability exemption’s scope of application, however, is not yet clear. The Austrian...