We present a new comprehensive and consistent set of public transfer accounts disaggregated by age and by major government programs that spans from 1950 to 2020. Based on these public transfer accounts, we find that except for some programs, particularly social health insurance and old-age...

As part of Germany’s fiscal response to the Covid-19 pandemic, parents received three payments totalling e450 per child. Randomization in the payment dates and daily scanner data allow us to identify the effects of these transfers on household spending. We find a significant but small spending...