Purpose - This paper aims to tackle an important question related to women's economic empowerment in highly patriarchal … societies like Egypt. The paper discusses individual, household, wealth and location factors determining women empowerment, as … resources and social constraints that determine women empowerment as measured by the power of women over household decisions and …

fertility pressures on women, which favored late female marriages already in the pre-industrial era. The resulting family and … household patterns placed women into a better position to struggle for more gender equality during the subsequent transitions …

higher marriage rates for women and lower for men. Land abundance favored higher fertility. The demands of childcare … opportunities outside the home. Frontier women were less likely to report "gainful employment," but among those who did, relatively … more had high-status occupations. Together, these findings integrate contrasting narratives about frontier women …

Two decades of economic transition revealed that Russian women are on average less happy than men. This paper addresses … housework, with women, even if working, holding the main responsibility for housekeeping activities, is perceived as “fair …-1998, the results show that women’s relative unhappiness is likely to be causes by their increasing earning powers with relative …