effects is maternal stress. …

-utero child, we know little about the effects of psychological stresses. One clear form of stress to the mother comes from the … two children with the same mother but where a parent of the mother died during one of the pregnancies--augmented with a …

We study how maternal stress affects offspring outcomes. We find that in-utero exposure to elevated levels of the … stress hormone cortisol negatively affects offspring cognition, health and educational attainment. These findings are based … between mothers that could bias estimates. Our results are consistent with recent experimental results in the neurobiological …

newborns’ birth. Second, I use a maternal fixed-effects estimation that considers mothers who had several children in the …This paper studies the impact of the mothers’ indirect exposure to homicides on newborns’ health outcomes. To do so, I … combine two data sets that reflect the mothers’ home address during pregnancy and the geographical coordinates of all the …

three-year-old children as well as the socio-emotional behavior of five- to six-year-old children. We use data from the … mothers' personality or mothers' cognitive skills are controlled for. …