This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … within Russia, survey the literature on the causes, consequences, and cures of corruption in Russia, and discuss entry points … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty …

This paper argues that corruption in Russia is systemic in nature. Low wage levels of public officials provide strong … within Russia, survey the literature on the causes, consequences, and cures of corruption in Russia, and discuss entry points … incentives to engage in corruption. As corruption is illegal, corrupt officials can be exposed any time, which enforces loyalty …

This paper investigates a possible impact of education corruption on economic growth in Russia. It argues that high … levels of education corruption may harm total factor productivity in the long run, primarily through lowering the level of … reduce education corruption in the short run, but can eventually lead to implementation of higher ethical standards in the …

Raiding along with corruption is the number one problem in Russia. Raiding is a hostile takeover that manifests a fight … for property or other valuable assets that often involves corruption and fraud. In addition to production facilities, real …

prevailing view of Russia's political economy as an informal, particularistic state-business exchange. At the theoretical level …

(Russia and Germany in the first half of the 20th century), modernization requires a strong governmental (from the top to the … Russia is that bureaucrats face soft external and internal constraints. An absolute imperative consists in institutional …

In this paper we explore relationships between corruption perceptions and such characteristics as the size of shadow … countries. It is shown that irrespective of whether the economy is developed or transitional, negative dependence of corruption … the shadow economy passes 45%, the Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index ceases to respond to growth of …

interpretation of these findings is that corruption in Russia results from the transformation of bureaucrats' behavior and attitudes …Throughout much of the world, corruption in the civil service undermines state capacity, impedes economic development …, and saps citizens' morale. But while its pernicious effects are widely recognized, the roots of corruption remain poorly …

corruption in transitional Russia, explaining the sources of corruption and how corruption affects on politics, economy and …This paper describes the institutions and social norms that have accommodated corruption in the Russian Federation in … the post-transition years. We show how corruption is sustained by ill-defined boundaries between political and private …

that the distance to the nearest camp is a strong negative predictor of mafia presence in Russia's communities in the early …, I examine the effects of mafia presence on local crime and elite violence in mid-1990s Russia. In particular, I show …