While responsible investors consider that the environmental and social pillars are highly interconnected when implementing ESG and climate strategies, our research shows that the green and social bond markets are not integrated. Indeed, we notice that the social bond premium is not positively...

After decades of sound performance, doubts have been raised on the ability of the equity value factor to continue to deliver a positive performance in the aftermath of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. Indeed, in a context dominated by low yields, sluggish growth and subdued inflation combined...

Reducing social inequality and protecting the environment are two distinct objectives that can both complement and contradict each other. Throughout this study, we examine the consequences of climate risks on social inequality and seek evidence of a potential trade-off between environmental and...

This report studies the social issue of ESG analysis and the multi-faceted approaches of measuring and assessing the social dimension. After reviewing the huge array of literature on social inequalities, our analysis focuses on the main "social pillars", which include economic, health, gender...