Thanks to an analysis of structural changes in abnormal spread series, we stress specific investors' reactions to rating actions. These reactions are much more usual when the issues are in sterlings than in euros. When reacting in the euro area, investors mainly react after banks' and public...

This paper examines whether the Big Three credit rating agencies actually played as active a role in the Euro Crisis as previously asserted. On the basis of panel data methods for a set of 11 EMU countries, the analysis reveals significant evidence for an arbitrary markup on the GIPS group of...