Age, education, income discrepancy, and unemployment level are the main factors that define the portrait of the Kyrgyz labor migrant. Remittances shape the present state of the Kyrgyz economy; the quality of human capital, and its future. Efficiently functioning social networks abroad play a...

Eurasia is not the same as the post-Soviet space, and its borders cannot be regarded as fixed once and for all by the Soviet past. Whereas the post-Soviet space can indeed be the best region for integration in certain aspects, other options might envision a different combination of countries

‘Eurasia' seems to be a relatively clear concept in terms of physical geography, but much less so for social sciences. While the word ‘Eurasia' is constantly used in various contexts (more today than twenty years ago), the specific notion of what it actually means is unclear. According to...

There is at present an overlapping but inadequately coordinated combination of strategic trans-continental transport corridors or axes stretching across the Eurasian landmass, centred on or around Central Asia. There are three such initiatives - from the EU, China and the Asian Development Bank,...

The aim of this paper was to review the tectonic changes in the structure of economic linkages in the Eurasian continent. Within the last two decades, the end of the autarky of China and the COMECON bloc led to a dramatic opening to the global economy and to cooperation within the Eurasian...

This article systematises and defends a pragmatic approach to Eurasian integration. The terms ‘Eurasia' and ‘Eurasianism' are very often used in Russia, Kazakhstan and other CIS countries. As a rule, they are used as a synonym for the post-Soviet space. In Russia they are also often used to...

Today even raising the question of an economic integration agreement between the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union seems a non-starter. Recent economic sanctions have severely hurt economic cooperation between the two political entities. Yet the foundations of any new institution...

When the Soviet Union broke up, Kaliningrad suddenly found itself separated from mainland Russia by new frontiers. Hardly any other Russian region has been hit as hard by the economic disruption as Kaliningrad. The geographical situation of the region meant that it was more highly exposed to the...