The era of energy interdependencies between Russia and the European Union (EU) is at an end. This paper advances a … relations with Russia. Previous energy security scholarship perceived interdependency as a measurable source of energy security …. Since the start of Russia's 2022 war with Ukraine, energy geopolitics has changed, making hard power relevant to Europe …

of a complete immediate stop of energy imports from Russia would be small, between 0.5% and 3% of GDP. Baqaee et al …

This policy brief frames the discussion of sanctions imposed on Russia since the invasion of Ukraine in a wider … sanctions in Russia and other countries. Our analysis suggests that the general economic effects of the war and sanctions on … that while the overall economic effects of sanctions on Russia have been diluted by various factors, they have strongly …

This note examines changes in Russia's foreign trade during the past year. We discuss general trends in Russia's trade … based on estimates constructed from mirror statistics and developments in EU-Russia trade. The detailed analysis of Russia …'s technology imports includes a selection of goods subject to EU export restrictions. We find substantial fluctuations in Russia …

sanctions and export restrictions on Russia in response to the war in Ukraine, while responses from East Asian economies have … Asia have not imposed sanctions on Russia and thus could potentially provide substitutes for Russia for some technology …This brief considers the role of East Asian economies in Russia's technology imports. The EU, US and UK have set strict …