trade. We also obtain estimates of the effects on trade of the 2014 sanctions on Russia, …This paper introduces the third update/release of the Global Sanctions Data Base (GSDB-R3). The GSDB-R3 extends the … period of coverage from 1950-2019 to 1950-2022, which includes two special periods - COVID-19 and the war between Russia and …

Russia's invasion of Ukraine and resulting sanctions have substantially hurt Russia's economic relations with developed … economies. Countries imposing sanctions on Russia accounted for half of Russia's foreign trade and over half of foreign … financial flows before the war. We analyse the development of Russia's trade and financial relations in recent months and find …

strategy. Hawkish positions of strengthening Ukraine via armaments, financial resources, and sanctions against Russia compete …

strategy. Hawkish positions of strengthening Ukraine via armaments, financial resources, and sanctions against Russia compete …