the European Union, respectively: Ideally, sanctions should impose considerable economic costs on Russia and contribute to … options are discussed, namely an embargo on Russian exports of fossil fuels and an import tariff. If European policymakers … want to consider the option of a gas import tariff on Russian exports, the pros and cons of such a policy option clearly …

Since early 2006, Russia has been attempting to change the rules on the international energy market to suit its own …, as its dependence on imports of raw materials is increasing. Russia believes to be able to choose between serving the … its strategic energy partnership with Russia, but also to diversify the existing import structures. Russland versucht seit …

Russia is the world's biggest natural gas producer, with output of 581 bn m3 in 2001, and is also a key supplier of the … variable of Russian economic policy, and any institutional evolution of its gas export markets is crucial for Russia's economy …, and therefore for Russia. …

Prospects for Russia’s membership in the WTO now look better than any point since accession negotiations began almost a … decade ago. Good progress with economic and legal reforms within Russia has left the country’s economy better prepared for … on the import tariff levels and access to the service sectors are the least of the problems. Much more difficult will be …

Do sanctions strengthen the targeted regime? I analyze the 2014 imposition of Western sanctions on Russia and its … stations that had a sanctioned firm in immediate vicinity. Targeted sanctions imposition also affected voter turnout. The … effect on voting can be explained as rally-around-the-flag in the face of sanctions, as long as voters did not endure …

This paper aims to highlight specific aspects and consequences of the dual nature of relations between Russia and … oriented toward Russia and DCFTA is reorienting it toward EU and in this context, to show that the Russian economy is not … trade relations between Ukraine and Russia, and that, precisely, the hostile actions of Russia against the DCFTA has …

the economies of Russia and the euro area. The effects of sanctions are analyzed with a structural vector autoregression …The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started in March 2014 led Western countries and Russia to impose economic … sanctions on each other, including the euro zone members. The paper investigates the impact of the sanctions on the real side of …