Union as a countermeasure to sanctions introduced by the EU and several other countries after Russia's actions in Ukraine … and the annexation of Crimea. This paper assesses the effect of Russia's counter-sanctions on the economies of the Baltic … problems in international trade data due to re-exports. The amount of trade affected by Russia's counter-sanctions varies …

rethink Germany's political and economic relations with Russia. A “change of times” was proclaimed which meant a caesura in … foreign and security policy as well as the overcoming of economic dependencies on Russia. This article analyzes whether … Germany has substantially reduced its foreign trade relations with Russia more than a year after this proclamation. It is …

rethink Germany's political and economic relations with Russia. A “change of times” was proclaimed which meant a caesura in … foreign and security policy as well as the overcoming of economic dependencies on Russia. This article analyzes whether … Germany has substantially reduced its foreign trade relations with Russia more than a year after this proclamation. It is …

sanctions from countries wishing to punish Russia for the annexation of Crimea in 2014 and the invasion of Ukraine in 2022 …. However, the impact of hydrocarbons from Russia on the world energy market is so significant that politicians have often … look at the impact of sanctions on Russian oil and gas production and exports and assess the outlook for both in terms of …

's invasion of Ukraine and sanctions restricting Russia's access to foreign technology. We analyze Russian company surveys and a …Russia has long aimed at reducing its dependency on imported technology. These aspirations intensified after Russia … small sample of product-level statistical data to evaluate recent trends in Russia's import substitution of technology …

and sanctions) are examined with regard to the limits and potentials of implementing FFP. …

The conflict between Russia and Ukraine that started in March 2014 resulted in bilateral economic sanctions imposed by … Russia and Western countries, including the members of the euro area (EA). The paper investigates the impact of sanctions on … the real side of the economy of Russia and the EA. Using an index that measures intensity of sanctions the effects of …

the wake of sanctions and counter-sanctions, and that Russia has since lost importance as a trading partner. In an …The authors show that the momentum of business with Russia was broken after the Russian occupation of Crimea in 2014 in … analysis by product group, they show that individual sectors and companies are more dependent on exports to Russia than is …

Russia's brutal military aggression on Ukraine has led to extensive economic sanctions by Western countries and the … withdrawal of many foreign companies from Russian markets. The isolation of Russia from the international community has … suggests that Russia has fairly limited possibilities for import substitution in high-technology sectors. China, which could …