This paper investigates, to what extent the optimization of dividend repatriations from an Austrian subsidiary - if the shares are held in a German sole proprietorship - will rise the future value of real investments compared to using nominal tax rates for repatriation decisions. Therefor...

This essay will studies different concepts and definition of small businesses in different countries. It will examine Europe, Russia and its post-soviet neighbors, north America and Japan. Aim of this study is to understand why there are differences between states and what they mean in economy....

This paper investigates the process of developing and implementing special economic zones (SEZs) and industrial parks in Russia. Governments commonly use SEZ policies to develop and diversify exports, create jobs and launch technology/knowledge sharing. The industrial cluster concept is based on...

This paper investigates the process of developing and implementing Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and industrial parks in Russia. Governments commonly use SEZ policies to develop and diversify exports, create jobs, and launch technology and knowledge sharing. The industrial cluster concept is...

We study how state ownership affects the international expansion of emerging-market firms. Building on agency theory and the resource-based view, we propose an S-curve relationship: Firms with a low level of state ownership have a limited level of international expansion, those with a medium...

This article looks at the risks inherent in foreign investment using Cambodia as an example. Companies are either investing in Cambodia to establish factories for export of garments, or are using Cambodian based suppliers for supply of garments. This development was based upon the availability...

International investment agreements (IIAs) are of great importance to investors, or at least they should be, to investors who want to be knowledgeable about how IIAs can protect against risks. Types of agreements that this article will look at are the following:1. Bilateral investment...

American HRM has shareholder perspective, and European HRM has stakeholder perspective. This creates divergence between HRM of both markets. This divergence makes social context important in European HRM. European HRM aims to protect interests of society; therefore, there is involvement of...

In this paper we examine strategies of business incubation in the following countries: the USA, Germany and Russia using both a comparative theoretical analysis of different performance criteria of business incubators and interviewing experts who work directly with startup companies. We find...