. However, the effectiveness of protected areas in preventing deforestation, and their impacts on poverty, are not well … understood. Recent studies have found that Bolivia's protected area system, on average, reduced deforestation and poverty. We …'s protected-area impacts on joint deforestation and poverty outcomes across a number of socioeconomic and biophysical moderators …

We review claims linking both payments for carbon and poverty to deforestation. We examine these effects empirically … deforestation. We find significant effects of the relative returns to forest on deforestation rates. Thus, carbon payments would … poverty. We note that the poor appear to be marginalized in the sense of living where land profitability is lower. Those areas …