During the COVID-19 lockdown, the typical bank in the Middle East lost liquidity due to deposit drains and experienced … squares and GMM estimator robustness checks of ownership's political concentration, independent directors, bank size, and bank … liquidity on returns on assets and equity. Ownership political concentration, independent directors, bank size, and liquidity …

pandemic period. Bank annual reports, the Orbis Bank Focus database, and World Bank reports were used to collect both financial … ownership concentration, lack of political pressure on board members, and strong legal protection, had positive effects on bank …, moderate size of the board, and anti-takeover mechanisms had no significant impact on bank performance during the crisis period …

pandemic period. Bank annual reports, the Orbis Bank Focus database, andWorld Bank reports were used to collect both financial … ownership concentration, lack of political pressure on board members, and strong legal protection, had positive effects on bank …, moderate size of the board, and anti-takeover mechanisms had no significant impact on bank performance during the crisis period …