To evaluate the prevalence in Eastern Europe of a little discussed illegitimate wage practice in which employers pay their formal employees both a declared wage and an undeclared ‘envelope wage’, an extensive survey involving 10,671 face-to-face interviews in eleven post-socialist societies...

To tackle participation in unregistered employment, the conventional policy approach has been to deter such work by increasing the penalties and risk of detection. Recently, an alternative preventative approach has emerged that tackles participation in unregistered employment by improving...

We investigate the level of tolerance towards tax non-compliance and the informal economy in Romania, using a sample of 250 respondents. This variable is determined by a complex set of latent variables that include, but is not limited to, state capacity, social and business norms, the perception...

1. Introduction to formalizing the informal economy using an e-government approach -- 2. Theorizing an e-government approach towards formalizing the informal economy -- 3. E-government tools to formalize the informal economy -- 4. Conclusions: a future roadmap for the transition to formality...

The aim of this paper is to evaluate two contrasting ways of explaining and tackling undeclared work. The rational economic actor approach theorizes undeclared work as arising when the benefits of undertaking undeclared work outweigh the costs, and the policy focus is upon deterring undeclared...

Tax morale was found in literature to shape tax compliance behaviour and to be significantly correlated with strategies of tax effort across countries. In addition views regarding the quality of institutions, the cost-benefit analysis on the use of tax revenues and the quality of governance...