(CEL) of 1997, and the differentiation in its implementation across regions, as instruments for schooling of young mothers … education of mothers increases the probability of completing the full course of DPT and Hepatitis B vaccinations for their …

The motherhood wage penalty denotes the difference in wages between mothers and women without children that is not … motherhood wage penalty can represent a significant cost to being female and having children. If ignored, it may undermine policy … initiatives aiming to increase fertility rates in post-socialist countries, such as the costly “baby bonus,” which is a government …

child, as well as on their subsequent fertility by exploiting unique, rich administrative data in a difference … all dissipate by five years after birth. The mandate instead persistently increased subsequent fertility: affected women … greater early child care availability experienced a larger increase in subsequent fertility following the mandate, suggesting …

implies that estimates of impacts of fertility on parental investments and on women's labour supply that use twin births to … instrument fertility will tend to be downward biased. This is pertinent given the emerging consensus that these relationships are …

fertility in East Germany. But did it also affect the fertility of future generations? In this paper, I investigate early … motherhood - a marker of lifetime disadvantage - of those born in the years immediately after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Using … with both of their parents. These results suggest that severe recessions increase early motherhood of those born into …

Supporting working mothers to balance their work and childcare responsibilities is a central objective of maternal and … national basis. This chapter reviews various types of leave policies available for working mothers (or parents) across … development. The leave policies can also influence women's fertility choices, as well as household specialization and husbands …

increased fertility rate due to higher child mortality and limited access to healthcare services. However, we know much less … fertility by focusing on the UN intervention in Liberia. Combining DHS birth history data with information on road distance to … UN military compounds, we find that women living in the proximity of peacekeepers have lower fertility rates in the …