Subglobal climate policies induce changes in international competitiveness and favor a relocation of carbon-emitting activities to non-abating regions. In this paper, we evaluate the potential for CO2 abatement and the emissions `leakage' effect in the copper industry, a prominent...

The main aim of this article is to discusses theoretical issues regarding the use of carbon taxes in climate policy. The issues include inter alia: the definition of carbon and CO2 taxes, the objectives of these instruments and the tax design (the point at which the tax is levied, tax rates, tax...

This paper estimates fossil fuel subsidies and the economic and environmental benefits from reforming them, focusing mostly on a broad notion of subsidies arising when consumer prices are below supply costs plus environmental costs and general consumption taxes. Subsidies are $4.9 trillion...