explains large price heterogeneities across buyers, drug classes, and time periods. Additionally, of the drug price variation … transaction volume, buyer's loyalty, and multiple drug purchases strengthens buyer's bargaining power and results in a drug price …

This article analyses the impact of the reference price system on the price-setting strategies of the pharmaceutical … price mechanism on the level of competition between brand-name and generic drugs and national pharmaceutical spending. We … quantities instead of charging higher prices, thus fostering price competition in the pharmaceutical market. This result is a …