In this paper, we develop a new index labelled the African Women Vulnerability index (AWVI) with a focus on rural women …, health, education, economic prosperity and digitalisation. Our findings show that: (i) Botswana performs best while women in …

inequality. At the same time, several demographic and structural challenges remain; and effectively engaging women in the economy … in setbacks for women, as they lack the skills and education needed to successfully adjust to a changing reality. While … women constitute around 50 percent of the national population, their participation in the formal labor market is limited …

strong impact on women at 59 percent, nine times higher than men, and 38.3 percent for rural individuals, five times higher … effort to increase the labor force participation rates of women and rural individuals. Moreover, this research has …

promote the development of women by creating awareness about their education, offering potential job opportunities and … encouraging their active participation in matters of national interest, leading to a significant increase in the number of women … initiatives. However, women as entrepreneurs have not yet gained wide recognition and acceptance in the Indian business space …

In this paper, we develop a new index labelled the African Women Vulnerability Index (AWVI) with a focus on rural women …, health, education, economic prosperity and digitalisation. Our findings show that: (i) Botswana performs best while women in … digitalisation. (ii) Except for the dimension of digitalisation, rural women's vulnerabilities in other dimensions are very close to …