This paper explores the determinants of public employment across the world and finds that it is negatively associated with country size (by population) and positively associated with the income level. The findings show that a country's openness to trade is positively associated with public...

We test several hypotheses concerning the growth of public expenditure by the Austrian monarchy between 1870 and 1913 in relation to Wagner's law, as well as the impact of increasing public indebtedness and the expanding role of the Imperial Council towards the end of the analyzed period, using...

Abstract: In nahezu allen Industrienationen hat sich der Anteil der Staatsausgaben am Sozialprodukt in den letzten 50 Jahren deutlich erhöht. Zudem wächst der Anteil der Sozialtransfers an den Staatsausgaben. Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert die Gründe des Ausgabenwachstums mit dem...

We revisit Wagner's law of increasing state expenditure by function of government expenditure. Using data of 14 European countries between 1996 and 2013, we apply panel data and SUR methods to assess public expenditure-income elasticities. We find that some functions of government spending for a...