In administrating the 2016 federal budget, a single adjustment was made in November. Under the Law on the 2016 Federal Budget, allocations on the “National Defense” section of the budget expenditures were initially set at RUB 3,149 trillion, or RUB 32bn (1%) less than actual expenditures a...

In the beginning of the XIX century, the Russian Empire started a long and complex process of integrating the already conquered Caucasian territories, with the ultimate goal to turn the region into a stable and secure border with the Ottoman Empire and Persia. The key location of this region,...

Multinational military operations [MNMO] occur in different emanations: They might involve the concerted action of states – (ad hoc) ‘coalitions of the willing' – participating in a joint military operation in which every state retains command over its troops (‘national command model')...

Debates about the role and relevance of international law in contemporary world have acquired new intensity in light of the U.S. coalition's decision to invade Iraq in March 2003 without a clear legal basis or even exhausting a diplomatic solution. Some have interpreted the lack of compliance in...

If pacifists are correct in thinking that war is always unjust, then presumably we ought to eliminate the possibility and temptation of ever engaging in it; we should not build war-making capacity, and if we already have, then demilitarization—or military abolition—would seem to be the...

The notion of a defence Union has been played with since the beginning of the European integration. Despite hardships in deepening the integration further from that of the economy, the European Union has taken some significant steps regarding foreign and security policy from the early 1990's to...

We present new evidence about the relationship between military conflict and city population growth in Europe from the fall of Charlemagne's empire to the start of the Industrial Revolution. Military conflict was a main feature of European history. We argue that cities were safe harbors from...

This paper investigates the effect of military involvement in politics on budgetary allocations for defence. We employ a variety of econometric models, including pooled OLS and panel data with fixed effects and control for other known determinants of military spending. To deal with endogeneity...