The COVID-19 pandemic has dealt a severe blow to human capital. This report presents new evidence and analysis to provide a comprehensive diagnostic of the effects of the pandemic on human capital outcomes and identify promising policy responses for governments faced with the task of rebuilding...

We investigate dynamics between the economic activities and energy markets – both conventional and clean energy markets, with a sample of daily data from January 01, 2020, to November 25, 2020. We perform wavelet-based time-frequency techniques; we measure the market volatility with continuous...

This paper presents new high frequency data on trade policy changes targeting medical and food products since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, documenting how countries used trade policy instruments in response to the health crisis on a week-by-week basis. The dataset reveals a rapid...

The collapse of economic activity in 2020 from COVID-19 has been immense. An important question is how much of that collapse resulted from government-imposed restrictions on activity versus people voluntarily choosing to stay home to avoid infection. This paper examines the drivers of the...

How do governments finance their unprecedented fiscal stimuli and policy actions to combat the COVID-19 pandemic? Comparing sovereign bond issuances before and after the outbreak of COVID-19, we find that governments borrow more from bond markets in response to greater pandemic shocks. This is...

Covid-19 is a cascading systemic disaster. The impact of the pandemic radiates over vulnerable social segments. Its costs are universal, but excess profits take advantage of some economic sectors. The public need is the response to the emergency, but under the code of global capital, it does not...