different groups in the UK, and the consequences that these changes have for income inequality and for measures of deprivation … and poverty. This is the 22nd annual report published by IFS authors on living standards, poverty and inequality in the UK … distribution of household income changed during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, we use pre-pandemic data on child …

The wave of upbeat stories on the developing world's emerging middle class has reinvigorated a debate on how social … class in general and the middle class in particular ought to be defined and empirically measured. With the aim of adding … clarity to this debate, this dissertation provides a structured overview of a wide array of definitions of the middle class …