We examine how the language used by central bank officials in public press conferences influences stock returns in the … euro area. In line with the concept of Odyssean Forward Guidance, we find that using constraining language to express … analysis, we provide strong evidence that market participants interpret higher levels of uncertain language in the economic …

European integration is increasingly contested in public. What are the policy consequences of this EU politicization …? This article argues that politicization challenges the hitherto often technocratic mode of policy preparation in the … periods of high EU politicization and issue salience. However, the mechanism is constrained by internal turf conflicts and …