types of normative systems can inhabit the same social field. This is the case among Hui, the largest Muslim minority group … in China, for whom the “freedom” of the gift resides in the giver's capacity to follow the rules underlying gifting, in …

During the sixteenth century when Islam was already established in China, Chinese Muslims began to critically examine … this system throughout China. It also allowed the religious community’s leaders to direct the discourse concerning Islam … Arabic and Persian sources generally evaded a Muslim population that, for the most part, could no longer read the available …