We give an explicit formulaic algorithm and source code for building long-only benchmark portfolios and then using these benchmarks in long-only market outperformance strategies. The benchmarks (or the corresponding betas) do not involve any principal components, nor do they require iterations....

Academic and practitioner research evaluates portfolio performance using size and value/growth attributes or factors. We assess the merits of popular evaluation procedures based on matched-characteristic benchmark portfolios or time-series return regressions by applying them to a sample of...

The authors embed Paris Aligned Benchmark (PAB) requirements in an illustrative multi-asset portfolio containing developed and emerging market equities, sovereign bonds, corporate bonds, listed real estate, and commodities. By being PAB compliant, the immediate reduction and ongoing reductions...

This paper offers a quantitative description of European private equity markets and compares the recent development in these markets with the development of the US venture capital market. Moreover, the paper addresses the differences between private equity investors acting in a single national...

A striking feature of private equity (PE) is that performance is persistent, with many PE firms consistently producing high (or low) returns net of fees. We use a new variance decomposition model to isolate three components of performance persistence. We find a large amount of long-term...

This research applies findings from the field of factor investing to address the question of what drives private equity deal returns. I provide empirical evidence that the most comprehensively documented factor anomalies have explanatory power of cross sectional variations in returns of private...

For years, research has been conducted to correctly model and predict the risk and return structures of Private Equity (PE) funds. Although past research has revealed valuable insight into the features of those funds, most risk and return model struggle with the dispersion of PE funds' returns,...

Structure and stability of private equity market risk are still nearly unknown, since market prices are mostly unobservable for this asset class. This paper aims to fill this gap by analyzing market risks of listed private equity vehicles. We show that aggregate market risk varies strongly over...

This paper analyzes Special Purpose Acquisition Companies (SPACs) in Europe. We document various aspects associated with European SPACs by using a unique and hand-collected data sample encompassing all 19 SPACs which have been listed on European stock exchanges since 2005. The paper shows that...

We develop a new method to estimate private equity funds' market beta from cash flows. Our methodology extends the widely known public market equivalent calculation to a cross-sectional regression. By simply regressing funds' internal rates of return on their paired market internal rates of...