Background: In recent years, blockchain technology has attracted considerable attention. It records cryptographic …, blockchain is believed to resist fraud and hacking. Results: This work explores the types of fraud and malicious activities that … can be prevented by blockchain technology and identifies attacks to which blockchain remains vulnerable. Conclusions: This …

, these two equations imply that (3) the recurring, "flow", payments to miners for running the blockchain must be large … versus stock) if both (i) the mining technology used to run the blockchain is both scarce and non-repurposable, and (ii) any … majority attack is a "sabotage" in that it causes a collapse in the economic value of the blockchain; however, reliance on non …