We introduce a novel currency risk measure based on American Depositary Receipts (ADRs). Using an augmented ADR pricing model, we exploit investors' exposure to potential devaluation losses to derive an indicator of currency risk. Using weekly data for a sample of 807 ADRs located in 21 emerging...

This paper shows that countries can use foreign reserves to enhance their domestic economies' resilience to potential risks from balance sheet effects. Based on a theoretical model, this paper demonstrates that the government can either deploy its foreign reserves to lend in foreign currency to...

We examine the evolution of the Icelandic banking sector in its macroeconomic environment. The story culminates in the crisis of October 2008, when all three major banks in Iceland collapsed in three successive days. The country is still struggling to cope with the consequences. The paper...

This report identifies a set of policy lessons for China today drawn from the experience of financial deregulation, financial crisis and recovery in Scandinavia during the period 1985-2000. Although there are considerable differences between the huge Chinese economy and the small Nordic...

Investments on the capital market depends on the current political situation of the country, as well as on the movements of the global economy. In countries with unstable political situation, the performance of the stock exchange declines, unlike politically stable countries, where stock...

Historical experience shows that in the world of high capital mobility, sudden stops of capital inflows may occur, typically triggering financial crises. The latest financial crisis in the euro zone (EZ) seems to support this point of view. Euro adoption encouraged a capital flow bonanza from...

The liberalization of the capital account of the balance of payments was one of the main reasons of the increasing amount of capital flows that came in into many emerging economies. In the last decades, the restrictions on these capital movements have been eliminated and the world has witnessed...

Currency and financial turmoils in international capital markets have been the focus of an extensive theoretical research which started around 30 years ago. This paper provides a synthetic overview of this theoretical modeling. We analyze the basic analytical framework corresponding to the...

Using regulatory data on transactions and positions, we provide a comprehensive overview of the activity in the foreign exchange (FX) derivatives markets, including futures, swaps, and options, covering both exchange-traded and over-the-counter (OTC) products. We analyze the behavior of dealers,...

The report presents new insights and data on stablecoins, an innovative and rapidly evolving sector of the cryptocurrency ecosystem. Stablecoins, as the name suggests, are cryptocurrencies that are designed to minimize price volatility. The findings in this research study are based on the...