haven. Therefore, the paper examines whether gold and bitcoin, the latter as the best representative of cryptocurrencies …. Although for many years it was considered that gold has the role of a safe haven, an increasing number of recent works …, can play the role of safe haven in relation to European indices. In the paper, this hypothesis was confirmed for gold and …

There is a growing empirical literature on gold's safe haven status with respect to financial risks but no study with … turmoil with an analysis of geopolitical risk. We find that gold shows a unique behavior among all precious metals with a … increase in gold return volatility due to geopolitical risks and geopolitical risk is not captured by the stock market …