Insurance companies can be exposed to climate-related physical risk through their operations and to transition risk … life insurance companies in the U.S. We construct a novel physical risk factor by forming a portfolio of P&C insurers … through their $12 trillion of financial asset holdings. We assess the climate risk exposure of property and casualty (P&C) and …

principles that derive from the economics of insurance regulation and from the decision sciences. Some of these have been …In medicine, an iatrogenic risk is a risk that arises from the medical treatment itself, such as side effects of … risk area in the years ahead, as the effects of climate change become more apparent. One can expect as a result increasing …