An important component of the long run cost of a war is the loss of human capital suffered by school age children who … receive less education because of the war. We show that Austrian and German individuals who were ten years old during or … individuals born in the same cohorts but living in Switzerland and Sweden, which were countries not directly involved in the war …

With more than ten thousand casualties, the 2014 Ukrainian war between pro-Russian separatists and the government in … the period 1995-2017, this paper quantifies the short-term causal effects of the Donbass war on Ukraine's GDP. Results … war amounts to 15.1% on average for 2013-2017. Separate analysis for the affected provinces of Donetsk and Luhansk …